Breathe Stronger: Understanding COPD (Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease)

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, or COPD, is a long-term lung disease that makes it hard to breathe. It includes two main conditions: chronic bronchitis (inflammation and mucus in the airways) and emphysema (damage to the air sacs in the lungs). COPD slowly worsens over time, but with the right treatment and care, symptoms can be managed effectively.

What Causes COPD?

The most common cause is smoking—but long-term exposure to air pollution, dust, chemicals, or secondhand smoke can also lead to COPD. In rare cases, a genetic condition called alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency may be the cause.

Common Symptoms:

• Constant cough with mucus (often called “smoker’s cough”)

• Shortness of breath, especially during physical activity

• Wheezing or whistling sound while breathing

• Chest tightness

• Frequent respiratory infections

• Fatigue or low energy

These symptoms usually start slowly and get worse over time, making it difficult to do daily activities like climbing stairs or walking short distances.

Managing COPD – It’s Possible!

While COPD has no permanent cure, early diagnosis and consistent care can greatly improve your quality of life. Treatment may include:

• Inhalers and medications to relax and open the airways

• Pulmonary rehabilitation – a program of exercise, education, and breathing techniques

• Oxygen therapy in advanced cases

• Lifestyle changes like quitting smoking and avoiding pollutants